1	CELLULAR ENERGY What is cellular energy and how is it made and used in the cell? Pat Recker
2	TAKS OBJECTIVE #2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the organization of living systems. TEKS Student Expectations 4(B) …investigate and identify cellular processes including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, and synthesis of new molecules.
3	CELLULAR ENERGY--ATP …one of the most important energy- storing compounds …adenosine triphosphate—ATP—used by all organisms as an energy source …consists of a ribose sugar and adenine bonded together to form a molecule of adenosine
4	THE ATP CYCLE STORED ENERGY Energy is stored in chemical bonds. The phosphate bonds store energy in ATP. RELEASING ENERGY Energy released by breaking chemical bonds between phosphate groups in ATP is used to power all cell activities. ENERGY DEPLETED ATP à ADP + P + ENERGY MAKING ATP ADP + P à ATP Energy released by other chemical reactions drive this reaction.
5	ENERGY FORMING PROCESSES
6	PHOTOSYNTHESIS …the process by which plants (autotrophs) harness the sun’s light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.
7	THE BASIC EQUATION The basic equation for photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂0 _Light à C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ …the rate of the equation above depends on: light intensity availability of raw materials temperature …occurs in the chloroplast which contains chlorophyll in stacks of disks called grana and a liquid compartment called the stroma
8	PHASES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS There are two phases in photosynthesis: Light dependent stage Light independent stage (Calvin cycle)
9	LIGHT DEPENDENT STAGE …sunlight is absorbed by the chlorophyll inside the chloroplast …the chlorophyll changes the energy from sunlight into ATP …some of the ATP is used to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen …oxygen is released from the leaf into the atmosphere
10	LIGHT INDEPENDENT STAGE (CALVIN CYCLE)
11	CELLULAR RESPIRATION
12	TYPES OF RESPIRATION
13	ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
14	PRODUCTS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
15	PRODUCTS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
16	AEROBIC RESPIRATION …basic equation: C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂ --enzymesà 6H₂O + 6CO₂ + ATP glucose oxygen water carbon energy dioxide …occurs in the presence of oxygen. …process occurs in the folds of the mitochondria (cristae)---which contain the necessary enzymes for aerobic respiration.
17	PRODUCTS OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION
18	REFERENCES Foresman, Scott and Addison Wesley. Biology: The Web of Life. Menlo Park, Ca. Addison Wesley Longman Inc., 1998. “Mr. Johnson biology page” The World of Biology 10 Feb. 2003 <www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/cellularrespiration.html>